Nearly every aspect of daily urban life depends on the burning of fossil fuels — not just keeping the lights on and getting around in cars, buses, trains and aeroplanes, but also growing the food we eat, pumping our water and sewage, mining the minerals we depend on for our electronics, manufacturing the plastics we use for almost everything and making the cement and bricks we use to construct our built environment. Decarbonising all this means replacing the systems all these activities depend on.