Maize: The international corn market traded negatively week-on-week with US yellow corn trading 2.4% lower. The premium for Kansas white
corn is 19.3% down week-on-week. Domestic maize prices traded negatively this week with yellow maize down 2.3% and white maize down
1.3%. In their third production forecast the Crop Estimates Committee estimates that the total maize crop will be 10,655 million tons; this is
0.9% more than estimated in their second forecast.
Wheat: The US wheat prices are at contract lows this week with soft red down 2.8% and hard red down 3.1% week-on-week. The US Spring
plantings are currently 5% completed; the norm for this time of year is approximately 21%. Local wheat prices traded marginally positive with a
0.4% week-on-week increase. Accourding to the Crop Estimates Committee, farmers intend to plant 513 450ha of wheat for the 2019 season
which is 2% more than the 2018 crop.
Soybeans: The US soya market traded negatively week-on-week with prices of soybeans down 1.9%, soya oil down 2.6% and soya meal
down 1.2%. Domestic soybean prices traded 0.3% down week-on-week. The crushing margin after tax is 17.8% higher week-on-week
however, is 60.8% lower than the crushing margin of R1186.15/ton received last year.
Fibre: Wool seasonal trends indicate a slight increase in prices June before declining again in July; while Australian prices are expected to
follow this trend, an increase in South African wool prices would be unlikely considering the pressure currently on the market. Current cotton
prices are 10% higher than prices experienced a year ago.

The international corn market traded negatively week-on-week with US yellow corn trading 2.4% lower. The premium for Kansas white corn is 19.3% down week-on-week however has increased by 179% from last year's premium of US$1.77/ton. Hope regarding the US/China trade deal is turning into disappointment as there is no conclusion in sight. The Brazil crop is large and the Safrinha corn has been rated as 89% good quality with 11% average. Due to the wet ground conditions delaying plantings there is concern that US farmers may switch from corn to soya.

Domestic maize prices traded negatively this week with yellow maize down 2.3% and white maize down 1.3%. However, prices for both yellow and white maize are higher than prices a year ago with yellow maize 25.4% higher and white maize 16.9% higher. In their third production forecast the Crop Estimates Committee estimates that the total maize crop will be 10,655 million tons; this is 0.9% more than estimated in their second forecast. Of the total crop, it is estimated that 49.61% will be white maize while 50.39% will be yellow maize. The expected average yield of maize if 4.63t/ha.

Domestic prices of both yellow and white maize are expected to continue their decline in the next month (May) and then begin to increase from June. However, white maize prices are expected to continue declining at a faster rate than the yellow maize prices. The local market can't expect support from international prices in the coming month as US prices are expected to remain under pressure.

The US wheat prices are at contract lows this week with soft red down 2.8% and hard red down 3.1% week-on-week. The US Spring plantings are currently 5% completed; the norm for this time of year is approximately 21%, the wet weather conditions have delayed plantings. The market was hoping that the low prices would bring in new buyers however this has not been the case. There is a large Russian wheat crop coming in which is expected to further impact US wheat prices negatively.

Local wheat prices traded marginally positive with a 0.4% week-on-week increase. Accourding to the Crop Estimates Committee, farmers intend to plant 513 450ha of wheat for the 2019 season which is 2% more than the 2018 crop. Week-on-week old season wheat (May19) traded up 1.1% while new season wheat (Dec19) traded 0.4% up. The new wheat tariff is still yet to be published, the new tariff of R675.07/ton triggered over a month ago on the 12th of March.

The outlook for US wheat is relatively bleak with prices expected to reach near term lows, global wheat stocks are large with China's wheat stocks at a record high. Domestic wheat prices are expected to continue their slow but steady increase in the next three months. The new wheat tariff of R675.07/ton is expected to be published in May.

The US soya market traded negatively week-on-week with prices of soybeans down 1.9%, soya oil down 2.6% and soya meal down 1.2%. US prices are at a new low since September 2018 this is due to a lack of exports, no conclusion to the US/China trade deal in sight and a large South American crop. The Brazil harvest is 92% complete while the Argentine harvest is 34% complete. The world production of soybeans has been revised with an increase of 4.4 million tons. Chinese imports and crushing of soybeans will be lower than expected due to declining demand for feed in the swine industry following the African Swine Fever outbreak reducing their pig herd.

Domestic soybean prices traded 0.3% down week-on-week while the sunflower seed prices traded up by 0.4%. Prices of both soybeans and
sunflowers are higher compared to this time a year ago. The crushing margin after tax is 17.8% higher week-on-week however, is 60.8% lower than the crushing margin of R1186.15/ton received last year. The third production forecast released by the Crop Estimate Committee showed that the expected production of soybeans will be 1.3 million tons (1.55% more than the estimate from the second production forecast), the expected yield is 1.77t/ha.

The international soya market is currently at a new low since September 2018, it is expected that prices will continue their decline as the large South American crop puts pressure on the US market as they await news on the US/China trade negotiations. Domestic soybean prices are expected to continue their slow decline until June when they will start to increase again. Domestic sunflower seed prices are expected to follow a similar outlook.

Australia: There was no Australian wool auction for the week ended 26 April 2019. The next auction will be held in the week beginning 29th April 2019. South African wool prices are expected to continue their downward spiral with shorter cuts experiencing the largest impact on prices. Although there are talks to reopen the South African wool export market this is unlikely to happen in the short term. Seasonal trends indicate a slight increase in prices June before declining again in July; while Australian prices are expected to follow this trend, an increase in South African wool prices would be unlikely considering the pressure currently on the market. A slight bump in prices of long good quality wool may occur but shorter wools will continue to experience declining prices.
Local: There was no South African auction this week. The next auction is scheduled for the 9th of May 2019.
USA: The US cotton market traded negatively this week; the Cotton A Index was 2% lower week-on-week and is 4.6% lower than last year. Wet
weather and low temperatures across parts of the US slowed fieldwork and planting activity. Spot trading was inactive with moderate demand and an offering of 8,277 bales which is almost 70% less than the 27,298 bales offered last week.
Local: Domestic cotton prices experienced a marginal increase of 0.6% week-on-week. Current prices are 10% higher than prices experienced a year ago. Farmers in the Indore region of India are intending to increase their cotton planting by 15% following increased demand; this may support local prices in the coming months. Domestic prices are expected to remain fairly stable in the coming months.

There is currently a surplus of garlic on the world market. In Spain, the harvest has been good for a few years in a row, and a new one will start in May. In China, the price of garlic has risen against everyone's expectations as a result of price speculation. The high price of garlic persists and that doesn't make Chinese garlic attractive for export.

South Africa is one of the world’s major avocado producers, coming in at 12th place on the global scale. The country’s export market could soon be worse for wear however, as some countries and cafés are banning the green subtropical fruit.

South African citrus growers in the Western and Northern parts of the Cape region are gearing up for the start of their 2019 export season to the US.

The global pyrethrum and peppermint market revenue amounted to $3.6B in 2017 (IndexBox estimates), growing by 4.9% against the previous year.

The popularity of pomegranates is on the rise.

Of the many varieties of this exotic fruit, the Wonderful, which was introduced about 15 years ago in California by POM Wonderful, is the most famous worldwide. There are also many upcoming new varieties and numerous producing countries, including India, Israel, Tunisia, Peru, Iran and Turkey.

In almost all of them there is a growth in both production and consumption. Competition in the coming years is expected to be fierce due to increasing volumes and this will probably also affect prices. Pomegranates are not only used for fresh consumption, but they are also increasingly more used for convenience products. Both the seeds and juice have also become very popular.

Turkey - Hicaz

Turkey is an important and growing player in the pomegranate market. The acreage is increasing annually in different regions. The country's fruit is available from October to March. Ten to fifteen years ago, prices were very high, because the production was not so great, but now the market has stabilised. Turkey is a major competitor for Spain. Well-known varieties grown in Turkey include the Hicaz, Wonderful and Caner. The Hicaz is the most produced and most consumed in Turkey. This variety is available from September to March. The Hicaz and Wonderful are quite similar, although the Wonderful is sweeter. The Caner is the cheapest of the three.

Tunisia - small seeds
Tunisia is also a growing player in the pomegranate market and production is on the rise. According to statistics, hundreds of hectares are being prepared for the production of this exotic fruit. Tunisian pomegranates are known for their good quality, sweet flavour and small seeds. The main production region is Gabes and the most extended variety is the Gabsi. The season overlaps with Turkey and Egypt. Exports go to European countries, such as Germany and Italy, and opportunities are also sought in the Middle East. Tunisian pomegranates are in the higher price segment, so they look for markets that appreciate quality and are willing to pay the right price for it.

Iran - Aims to increase exports

Iran does not have a production at the moment, but the season will start again in September. The country does not import; it has a huge production and it also exports, although it is facing some problems in the export process. The country hopes to be able to access new destinations worldwide and for exports to increase in the years ahead. Domestic consumption is considerable.

India - Unique varieties

The Indian pomegranate production is growing by 20 to 25% every year. Demand is on the rise, both at domestic level and in the export market. India is the only country able to deliver pomegranates all year round thanks to its climate. The best-known variety in India is the Bhagwa, a huge sweet variety of really good quality. India is a big player and exports to destinations in Europe, the Middle East and Asia. The country is also expecting to enter the U.S. market. India competes with various players in the world, but it manages to stand out with unique varieties. The trend in India is convenience; pomegranates are widely appreciated and the seeds are really popular amongst consumers.

China - Tunisian variety popular

The prices of pomegranates in China increased last year after 40% of the harvest was lost due to the impact of hail. The harvest season starts in August and lasts until November. A Tunisian variety is the most popular because of its sweet taste. Most Chinese pomegranates are grown in the Henan region. Two-thirds are sold on the local market and there are no imports from other countries.

South America - Argentina

Due to the colder spring, the harvest of certain fruits, including pomegranates, was delayed this season. Last year around this time, the Wonderful harvest had already started, but at this time only the early varieties are available, including the Acco, Emek, 116, Shany and Camel. The Wonderful pomegranate harvest is expected to kick off on 10 March. The prospects are good, with average sizes and good prices. Argentina exports to different countries and this year it will likely increase its shipments to North America. A promising potential new customer is neighbouring Brazil. There are also good prospects in Asian countries. Central Europe is expected to pay the same prices as last season.

South America - Peru
For several years, there has been a significant increase in the export and production of pomegranates in Peru. This trend will continue, as demand is still on the rise. The main customers are Europe, the UK, Canada and Asian countries. Peru hopes to soon be allowed to export to the U.S., where it is currently not allowed to sell its pomegranates due to phytosanitary reasons. For Peru, this would be a godsend, because it could thus better spread its sales. The harvest is currently on-going in Peru. Other suppliers during (parts of) the Peruvian season are Argentina, Chile and South Africa. Peruvian exporters are now facing some competition from suppliers in the northern hemisphere, including Turkey, but in a few weeks the country will have access to a wider market gap. Prices this season are expected to be lower than last year, partly because of the lower exports during the first weeks of the season due to competition with the fruit from the northern hemisphere.

South America - Uruguay

Uruguay is a small producer compared with other countries in South America. The fruit grown there is mainly sold domestically. The product is not unknown in Uruguay, but pomegranates have only been grown commercially since 2007. There is now a pilot project underway with growers and more than 80 varieties expected to be included in this process. The Wonderful variety is well known on the local market and it also yields good results. Given that there is not really a stable production, exports are not an option yet. In the next few years, an increase is expected in the acreage and production volumes should be able to cover the needs of the domestic market. When there are shortages, imports are usually made from Argentina. Currently, the prices are good because there is only a limited supply.

US - California

The pomegranate harvest in California will probably be 10 to 15% lower this year, partly due to a water shortage and to the fact that some producers have decided to stop to try growing other (more profitable) products. There has thus been a decline in the acreage because growers are earning enough from the crop. About 40% of the pomegranate harvest is exported to markets around the world, especially to countries around the Pacific, including South Korea, Taiwan, Australia, Japan and Mexico. Export prospects are similar to last year's. The Californian season lasts from October to March. Last season yielded good results, despite the drought, and as things stand now, growers are optimistic about the next campaign.

Australia - growing production
Several years ago, pomegranates were still relatively unknown in Australia, but things have changed. People have become more familiar with it and consumption is on the rise. One of the largest producers is PomLife, which has an area of ​​about 110 hectares in Victoria, in the Goulburn

Valley. They start with the harvest in March and the prospects are good. Despite the fact that the weather conditions during the growing season have not been ideal, the pomegranates are of good quality. Australia also imports some pomegranates, since the domestic production is not big enough. The largest part of the production is intended for fresh consumption. Since some of the fruit goes also to the frozen food sector, it is possible to consume local fruit almost all year round. Consumption should increase in the years ahead, as Australians are increasingly convinced of the fruit's health benefits.

The Netherlands - rising demand

The Netherlands is currently at the end of the Israeli season and prices are fine at the moment. There are some early shipments from Peru on the market, which arrived by air. The peak in the supply from this country is expected in over a month. The gap between Israel and Peru is filled with fruit from South Africa. In the Netherlands, the demand for pomegranates is on the rise, mostly as a result of the health benefits of this exotic product.

Belgium - import volume doubled in five years

The pomegranate market in Belgium is not a niche market anymore. In the next few years, importers expect the situation to change from slight stagnation to slight growth. This will be achieved in various ways, especially via promotions of the fruit's health properties and by chefs using the product. A major Belgian importer pointed out that the import volume has doubled in the last five years. Pomegranates are available year-round and come from all over the world. The main origins are Spain, Turkey, Israel, Iran, Egypt, India, South Africa, Peru, Chile and the US. India has the greatest pomegranate cultivation. They have a good local consumption and limited exports. The variety Wonderful is the most popular in Belgium and has already been available in this market for more than ten years. The Pom is also well-known for its deep red, even colour and super sweet flavour. Other well-known varieties are the Mollar, Baghwa, Hershkovitz, Akko, Hicaz and Emek.

Italy - Higher production

Italian growers in both the south and north of the country are increasingly interested in the cultivation of pomegranates. In Sicily, pomegranates are harvested from September to November and are available until March. Volumes are limited. Another area is Puglia, where the season runs from September to January. Production in the south is mainly intended for fresh consumption and in the north for processing. Italy's production volumes are expected to increase in the coming years. This applies namely to the varieties Acre and Wonderful. At the moment, pomegranate prices are high. Imports are made from India by air. There are some additional costs involved in the removal of the seeds. If the domestic volume increases, it would be interesting for Italy to invest more in machinery for this purpose.

Spain - More competition

The Spanish pomegranate season is over. Sales last year started well, but fell in October and November. The most commonly grown variety is the Mollar, which originates from the Elche region. This is also the largest growing region in Spain for pomegranates. The product is also cultivated in Valencia, Andalusia, Murcia and Extremadura. Growers are switching to new varieties, such as the Smith and Acco. The Wonderful is also widely grown. The most demanded varieties are those with an attractive colour. About 30% of the production is sold domestically. The cultivation of pomegranates in Spain is rapidly expanding, but this is also the case for competitors such as Israel, Morocco, Pakistan, Turkey and Morocco. This means that competition will increase in the coming years. Russia used to be a key market for Spanish pomegranates. Since Israel and Turkey are allowed to ship there, Spain had expected to face less competition in other export markets, but this was not the case. Now Spanish exporters are seeking new customers in the Middle East and Asia.

Germany - Stability

In Germany, the demand for pomegranates is growing every year and imports are on the rise. Currently, there is Turkish fruit on the market, mainly of Hicaz variety. Besides Turkey, Germany also imports pomegranates from Egypt, Iran, the US and Greece. Demand is currently stable; prices in Berlin stand around 7 Euro for a 4 kilo box.
Greece - Increasing demand for juices
In Greece, pomegranates are growing in popularity. The season starts in September with the Akko variety and the main variety is the Afrata. The Wonderful is also grown in this country. The season has yielded satisfactory results, although production was lower than expected. The crisis in Greece has had a big impact on the fruit market, although the domestic consumption has still remained at a good level. There is a growing demand for juices.